足以代替Apache的Nginx-白红宇

足以代替Apache的Nginx

阅读量：6155 次

发布时间：2019-06-21

本文共 29787 字，大约阅读时间需要 99 分钟。

一、下载软件包

http://mirror.yongbok.net/nongnu/libunwind/libunwind-1.1.tar.gz

http://gperftools.googlecode.com/files/gperftools-2.0.tar.gz

二、安装gperftools

1、安装libunwind安装gperftools前需要先安装libunwind

tar zxvf libunwind-1.1.tar.gz

cd libunwind-1.1

./configure

make

make install

2、安装gperftools

tar zxvf gperftools-2.0.tar.gz

cd gperftools-2.0

./configure --enable-frame-pointers

make

make install

3、配置gperftools

vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usr_local_lib.conf

添加以下内容:

/usr/local/lib

保存退出执行/sbin/ldconfig生效。

cd /root/nginx-1.0.14/src#进入nginx安装包目录

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-google_perftools_module --without-http_memcached_module --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --

with-openssl=/usr/ --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre

增加--with-google_perftools_module参数

make

make install

mkdir /tmp/tcmalloc

chmod 777 /tmp/tcmalloc -R

4、配置nginx

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

在#pid logs/nginx.pid;这行的下面添加

google_perftools_profiles /tmp/tcmalloc;

#保存退出

重启nginx。

三、测试

lsof -n | grep tcmalloc

lsof -n | grep nginx

隐藏nginx版本号

1、进入nginx配置文件的目录此目录根据安装时决定用vim编辑打开

# vim nginx.conf

在http {—}里加上server_tokens off; 如

http {

//……省略

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

server_tokens off;

//…….省略

}

2、编辑php-fpm配置文件如fastcgi.conf或fcgi.conf这个配置文件名也可以自定义的根据具体文件名修改

找到

fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version;

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《Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13FastCGI搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器第6版[原创]》

《》

由于在工作中需要搭建复杂的环境在网上寻找了很多文章发现均不如该文详尽。在虚拟机按照本文做严格测试除Mysql数据库部分出现一些问题最后按照自己的方式完成外其他均正常该文给本人带来了极大的帮助在此对原作者表示感谢对其分享精神致以崇高的敬意。

前言本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHPFastCGI”Web服务器的第6篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍 Nginx + PHP 安装、配置、使用的资料之一为推动 Nginx 在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。本文可能不断更新小版本请记住原文链接“”获取最新内容。第6篇文章主要介绍了Nginx 0.8.x新的平滑重启方式将PHP升级到了5.2.14修正了PEAR问题。另将MySQL 5.1.x升级到了5.5.x系列配置文件变更较大。

　　 ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的它已经在该站点运行超过三年了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。

　　Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多其中包括、、、、等门户网站频道、等视频分享网站、等知名论坛、等网络游戏网站、、、、等新兴Web 2.0网站。

　　Nginx 的官方中文维基

　　在高并发连接的情况下Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。

　　根据我的经验4GB内存的服务器+Apacheprefork模式一般只能处理3000个并发连接因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000当Apache并发连接数达到3800时导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。

　　而这台 Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 服务器在3万并发连接下开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存15M*10=150M开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存20M*64=1280M加上系统自身消耗的内存总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。

　　在3万并发连接下访问Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 服务器的PHP程序仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面显示的活动连接数为28457关于Nginx的监控页配置会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明

　　我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5FastCGI服务器跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序单台Nginx + PHP5FastCGI服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”相当于每天可以承受6000万700*60*60*24=60480000的访问量而服务器的系统负载也不高

　　2009年9月3日下午230金山游戏《剑侠情缘网络版叁》临时维护1小时大量玩家上官网论坛、评论、客服等动态应用Nginx服务器集群每台服务器的Nginx活动连接数达到2.8万这是笔者遇到的Nginx生产环境最高并发值。

　　下面是用100个并发连接分别去压生产环境中同一负载均衡器VIP下、提供相同服务的两台服务器一台为Nginx另一台为ApacheNginx每秒处理的请求数是Apache的两倍多Nginx服务器的系统负载、CPU使用率远低于Apache

　　你可以将连接数开到1000030000去压Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php这是用浏览器访问Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常而访问Apache服务器的phpinfo.php则是该页无法显示。4G内存的服务器即使再优化Apache也很难在“webbench -c 30000 -t 60 ”的压力情况下正常访问而调整参数优化后的Nginx可以。

　　webbench 下载地址

　　注意webbench 做压力测试时该软件自身也会消耗CPU和内存资源为了测试准确请将 webbench 安装在别的服务器上。

　　测试结果##### Nginx + PHP #####

引用

[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30

Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5

Benchmarking: GET

100 clients, running 30 sec.

Speed=102450 pages/min, 16490596 bytes/sec.

Requests: 51225 susceed, 0 failed.

top - 14:06:13 up 27 days, 2:25, 2 users, load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51

Tasks: 287 total, 4 running, 283 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

Cpu(s): 49.9% us, 6.7% sy, 0.0% ni, 41.4% id, 1.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.8% si

Mem: 6230016k total, 2959468k used, 3270548k free, 635992k buffers

Swap: 2031608k total, 3696k used, 2027912k free, 1231444k cached

　　测试结果##### Apache + PHP #####

引用

[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30

Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5

Benchmarking: GET

100 clients, running 30 sec.

Speed=42184 pages/min, 31512914 bytes/sec.

Requests: 21092 susceed, 0 failed.

top - 14:06:20 up 27 days, 2:13, 2 users, load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42

Tasks: 318 total, 7 running, 310 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie

Cpu(s): 80.4% us, 10.6% sy, 0.0% ni, 7.9% id, 0.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.9% si

Mem: 6230016k total, 3075948k used, 3154068k free, 379896k buffers

Swap: 2031608k total, 12592k used, 2019016k free, 1117868k cached

　　为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epollLinux 2.6内核和kqueuefreebsd网络I/O模型而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。

　　处理大量的连接的读写Apache所采用的select网络I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别

　　假设你在大学读书住的宿舍楼有很多间房间你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找直到找到你为止。而epoll版宿管大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号你的朋友来时只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人都要找自己住这栋楼的同学时select版和epoll版宿管大妈谁的效率更高不言自明。同理在高并发服务器中轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之一select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高同样十分明了。

　　安装步骤

　　系统要求Linux 2.6+ 内核本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.3另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功

　　一、获取相关开源程序

　　1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包进行安装

sudo -s

LANG=C

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

　　2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在通常是“xxx-devel”不存在需要安装。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装以下是RPM包下载网址

　　①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4

　　②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5

　　③、RPM包搜索网站

　　④、RedHat AS4 系统环境通常情况下缺少的支持包安装

　　Ⅰ、i386 系统

wget

rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm

wget

rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm

wget

rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm

　　Ⅱ、x86_64 系统

wget

rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm

wget

rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm

wget

rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm

　　3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包

　　本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2010年07月26日的最新稳定版。

　　①、从软件的官方网站下载

mkdir -p /data0/software

cd /data0/software

wget

wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"

wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"

wget

wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"

wget

　　②、从下载比较稳定只允许在本站或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件

mkdir -p /data0/software

cd /data0/software

wget

　　二、安装PHP 5.2.14FastCGI模式

　　1、编译安装PHP 5.2.14所需的支持库

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

cd libiconv-1.13.1/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/

./configure

make

make install

/sbin/ldconfig

cd libltdl/

./configure --enable-ltdl-install

make

make install

cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

cd mhash-0.9.9.9/

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

cd mcrypt-2.6.8/

/sbin/ldconfig

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

　　2、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql

/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg

make && make install

chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql

cd ../

　　附以下为附加步骤如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库那么以下两步无需执行。

　　①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/

chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/

　　②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql

　　③、创建my.cnf配置文件

vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf

　　输入以下内容

引用

[client]

character-set-server = utf8

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

character-set-server = utf8

replicate-ignore-db = mysql

replicate-ignore-db = test

replicate-ignore-db = information_schema

user = mysql

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql

datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data

log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log

pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid

open_files_limit = 10240

back_log = 600

max_connections = 5000

max_connect_errors = 6000

table_cache = 614

external-locking = FALSE

max_allowed_packet = 32M

sort_buffer_size = 1M

join_buffer_size = 1M

thread_cache_size = 300

#thread_concurrency = 8

query_cache_size = 512M

query_cache_limit = 2M

query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k

default-storage-engine = MyISAM

thread_stack = 192K

transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

tmp_table_size = 246M

max_heap_table_size = 246M

long_query_time = 3

log-slave-updates

log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog

binlog_cache_size = 4M

binlog_format = MIXED

max_binlog_cache_size = 8M

max_binlog_size = 1G

relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog

relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog

relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog

expire_logs_days = 30

key_buffer_size = 256M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G

myisam_repair_threads = 1

myisam_recover

interactive_timeout = 120

wait_timeout = 120

skip-name-resolve

#master-connect-retry = 10

slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

#master-host = 192.168.1.2

#master-user = username

#master-password = password

#master-port = 3306

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend

innodb_file_io_threads = 4

innodb_thread_concurrency = 8

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_file_size = 128M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

innodb_file_per_table = 0

#log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log

#long_query_time = 10

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 32M

　　④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本

vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

　　输入以下内容这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建

#!/bin/bash

mysql_port="3306"

mysql_user="admin"

mysql_pass="123456"

mysql_basedir="/usr/local/webserver/mysql "

mysql_config_file="/data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf"

mysql_socket="/tmp/mysql.sock"

declare -i -x state=1

function_start_mysql()

{

printf "Starting MySQL..."

$(${mysql_basedir}/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=${mysql_config_file} &> /dev/null &) && state=0

sleep 1

[[ ${state} == 0 ]] && echo -e "\t\t\t\t\033[01; 32m[ OK ]\033[0m" || { echo -e "\t\t\t\t\033[31m[ FAIL! ]\033[0m"; return 1; }

}

function_stop_mysql()

{

printf "Stoping MySQL..."

$(${mysql_basedir}/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pass} -S ${mysql_socket} shutdown &> /dev/null) && state=0

[[ ${state} == 0 ]] && echo -e "\t\t\t\t\033[01;32m[ OK ]\033[0m" || { echo -e "\t\t\t\t\033[31m[ FAIL! ]\033[0m"; return 1; }

}

function_restart_mysql()

{

printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"

function_stop_mysql

function_start_mysql

}

function_kill_mysql()

{

printf "Killing MySQL..."

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep -v 'grep' | awk '{printf $2}') && state=0 || state=1

[[ ${state} == 1 ]] && { echo -e "\t\t\t\t\033[31m[ FAIL! ]\033[0m"; return 1; }

kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep -v 'grep' | awk '{printf $2}') && state=0 || state=1

[[ ${state} == 0 ]] && echo -e "\t\t\t\t\033[01;32m[ OK ]\033[0m" || { echo -e "\t\t\t\t\033[31m[ FAIL!]\033[0m"; return 1; }

}

case "$1" in

"start")

function_start_mysql

;;

"stop")

function_stop_mysql

;;

"restart")

function_restart_mysql

;;

"kill")

function_kill_mysql

;;

printf "Usage: $0 { start | stop | restart | kill }\n"

;;

esac

　　⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限

chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

　　⑥、启动MySQL

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start

　　⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器提示输入密码时直接回车

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock

　　⑧、输入以下SQL语句创建一个具有root权限的用户admin和密码12345678

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';

　　⑨、可选停止MySQL

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop

　　3、编译安装PHPFastCGI模式

tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz

gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1

cd php-5.2.14/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'

make install

cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

cd ../

　　4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz

cd memcache-2.2.5/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2

cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz

cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz

cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/

./configure

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz

cd imagick-2.3.0/

/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config

make

make install

cd ../

　　5、修改php.ini文件

　　手工修改查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"

　　修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"

　　并在此行后增加以下几行然后保存

　　extension = "memcache.so"

　　extension = "pdo_mysql.so"

　　extension = "imagick.so"

　　再查找output_buffering = Off

　　修改为output_buffering = On

　　再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

　　修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。

　　自动修改若嫌手工修改麻烦可执行以下shell命令自动完成对php.ini文件的修改

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

　　6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

　　按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾加上以下配置信息

引用

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="64"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

　　7、创建www用户和组以及供blog.s135.com和两个虚拟主机使用的目录

/usr/sbin/groupadd www

/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www

chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

　　8、创建php-fpm配置文件php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi

　　在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

　　输入以下内容如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>以便显示PHP错误信息否则Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页

<?xml version="1.0" ?>

All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix

Pid file

<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>

Error log file

<value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>

Log level

<value name="log_level">notice</value>

When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...

... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.

Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.

Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master

Set to 'no' to debug fpm

</section>

Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.

<value name="name">default</value>

Address to accept fastcgi requests on.

Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'

Set listen(2) backlog

Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.

In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.

Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.

</value>

Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.

<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>

</value>

Unix user of processes

Unix group of processes

Process manager settings

Sets style of controling worker process count.

Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'

<value name="style">static</value>

Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.

Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.

Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi

Used with any pm_style.

Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style

Sets the number of server processes created on startup.

Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected

Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.

Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected

Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.

Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected

</value>

The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated

Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason

'0s' means 'off'

The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file

'0s' means 'off'

The log file for slow requests

Set open file desc rlimit

Set max core size rlimit

Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path

Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path

Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.

If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs

How much requests each process should execute before respawn.

Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.

For endless request processing please specify 0

Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS

Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.

Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)

Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.

Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH

All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment

<value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>

<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>

<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>

<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>

</value>

</section>

</workers>

</configuration>

　　9、启动php-cgi进程监听127.0.0.1的9000端口进程数为128如果服务器内存小于3GB可以只开启64个进程用户为www

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

　　三、安装Nginx 0.8.46

　　1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库

tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz

cd pcre-8.10/

./configure

make && make install

cd ../

　　2、安装Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz

cd nginx-0.8.46/

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

make && make install

cd ../

　　3、创建Nginx日志目录

mkdir -p /data1/logs

chmod +w /data1/logs

chown -R www:www /data1/logs

　　4、创建Nginx配置文件

　　①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

　　输入以下内容

引用

user www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 65535;

}

http

{

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size 32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

server

{

listen 80;

server_name blog.s135.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data0/htdocs/blog;

#limit_conn crawler 20;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

{

expires 30d;

}

location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$

{

expires 1h;

}

log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;

}

server

{

listen 80;

server_name

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data0/htdocs/www;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;

}

server

{

listen 80;

server_name status.blog.s135.com;

location / {

stub_status on;

access_log off;

}

　　②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

　　输入以下内容

引用

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

　　5、启动Nginx

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

　　四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

vi /etc/rc.local

　　在末尾增加以下内容

引用

ulimit -SHn 65535

/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

　　五、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

　　在末尾增加以下内容

引用

# Add

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768

net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

　　使配置立即生效

/sbin/sysctl -p

　　六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

　　1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息说明配置文件正确

　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

　　2、平滑重启

　　①、对于Nginx 0.8.x版本现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单执行以下命令即可

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

　　②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本平滑重启稍微麻烦一些按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

　　屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号例如

　　6302

　　这时执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效

kill -HUP 6302

　　或者无需这么麻烦找到Nginx的Pid文件

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

　　七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本

　　1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

　　输入以下内容

引用

#!/bin/bash

# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path

logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log

kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

　　2、设置crontab每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

　　输入以下内容

引用

00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

1、Mysql部分按照上述方式没能搭建成功在测试环境中按照个人思路安装方法如下

安装配置

解压缩tar –zvxf mysql-5.5.4-m3.tar.gz

改变目录cd mysql-5.5.4-m3

添加组groupadd –g 20000 mysql

把用户加入组中useradd –u 20000 –g mysql mysql

编译前的配置

./configure –prefix=/usr/local/mysql --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql

编译make

安装make install

初始化数据库/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db

设置目录权限Chown –R mysql /var/lib/mysql

复制配置文件Cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

启动数据库/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –user=root &

修改root密码/usr/local/mysql/bin /mysqladmin –u root password bobo365

测试数据库/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql –u root –p

Mysql>

添加到自动启动# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig --add mysqld

#chkconfig --level 3 mysqld on

#chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql

2、安装phpMyAdmin管理Mysql

Tar –zvxf phpMyAdmin-2.11.1-all-languages.tar.gz

Mv phpMyAdmin-2.11.1 /var/www/html/phpMyAdmin

Vi config.inc.php

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['user'] = 'root';

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['password'] = 'bobo365';

设置数据库连接。

测试。

3、安装完毕后部分环境截图

1安装目录

2、状态监控页面

active connections -- 对后端发起的活动连接数

server accepts handled requests -- nginx 总共处理了 20 个连接, 成功创建 20 次握手 (证明中间没有失败的), 总共处理了 90个请求。

reading -- nginx 读取到客户端的 Header 信息数。

writing -- nginx 返回给客户端的 Header 信息数。

waiting -- 开启 keep-alive 的情况下这个值等于 active - (reading + writing)意思就是 Nginx 已经处理完正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留连接。

3、测试页面

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/bobo365/1892454

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